Hugo Ball
Born 22 February 1886 in Pirmasens, Germany, died 14 September 1927 in San
Abbondio, Switzerland. Author, co-founder of the Zürich DaDa movement;
joined the Max Reinhardt School of Dramatic Art in 1910, and was employed as
stage director. The "Café des Westens" in Berlin became his meeting
place with young poets: Johannes R. Becher, Georg Heym, Richard Huelsenbeck,
Klabund, and others. Stage director at the Munich Chamber Theater in 1913,
and at the same time collaborator on the periodical "Revolution" (Published
by F.S. Bachmair, 1913) together with Seewald, J.R. Becher, Erich Mühsam.
Soon after the outbreak of the war he emigrated with his wife, Emmy Hennings,
to Switzerland. Both took employments - Ball as a pianist, his wife as a
recitationist - in a variety group in the Niederdorf, the amusement quarter
of Zürich. In February 1916 he founded the "Cabaret Voltaire" in the
Spiegelgasse in Zürich. Met Arp, Janco, Tzara, and later Huelsenbeck
and Serner. His intentions with regard to the "Cabaret Voltaire" he defined
in the following words: "It is necessary to clarify the intentions of this
cabaret. It is its aim to remind the world that there are people of
independent minds - beyond war and nationalism - who live for different
ideals." (from the contribution entitled "Lorsque je fondis le Cabaret
Voltaire" ["Why I founded the Cabaret Voltaire"], in the publication "Cabaret
Voltaire," Zürich, 1916)
Ball protested several times "against the humiliating fact of a world war in
the 20th century." In light of this, all static values of culture appeared
to him to be questionable. He composed sound-poems, or "verses without
words." In 1917 he ceased to take an active part in the DaDa movement.
Became co-editor of the newspaper "Freie Zeitung," in Bern, which demanded,
editorially, a republic for Germany. Later he retired and went to live in the
Ticino, where he was employed on a biography of Bakunin. From his DaDa
period an unpublished novel exists, "Tenderenda, der Phantast." In his
"Criticism of German Intelligence" (1919), he tried to present a profound
analysis of the German state of mind (which may have foreshadowed
Hitlerism).
One of his other significant works are the diary excerpts of his DaDa period
published as "Die Flucht aus der Zeit" ("Flight out of Time"). This is
highly recommended reading for anyone interested in 'documentation' of the
DaDa movement in Zürich.
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