A Brief Chronology of DaDa
(as drawn from various sources)
- 1915
- After World War I is declared in Europe, a number of artists, including
the future DaDaists Hans Arp, Hugo Ball, Marcel Janco, and Tristan Tzara all
converge on Zürich, Switzerland, which remains neutral throughout the
war.
- While in Zürich, many of these artists and writers continue to
publish and exhibit their works; having taken strong anti-war views
themselves, their art also shows such opinions of disgust towards the
activities of the rest of the continent.
- 1916
- In February, the Cabaret Voltaire is founded as a meeting-place for
several artists and writers in Zürich.
- The word "DaDa" is discovered in a dictionary and embraced as the name
for the new movement by its members (Tristan Tzara is usually given credit
for this discovery).
- Richard Huelsenbeck travels from Berlin to Zürich to meet with the
DaDaists.
- In June, the first issue of "Cabaret Voltaire" appears.
- July marks the first "DaDa Evening" ("DaDa Soirée"), which becomes
something of a DaDaist convention.
- In September and October, Richard Huelsenbeck publishes a pair of
DaDa-inspired books.
- 1917
- This is the year of the revolutions in Russia, and the year the U.S.
enters WWI against Germany; despite this, there is some DaDa influence in
the U.S. and Russia: various modern art exhibits are held in the U.S. which
also showcase DaDa-inspired works, and the DaDa movement begins to have an
influence on Russian dance.
- Picabia publishes the periodical "391" in the U.S. and Spain.
- Richard Huelsenbeck returns to Berlin, and founds a DaDa-movement there.
- The "Galerie DaDa" opens in Zürich, featuring works by Tzara, Arp,
and Ball. The Second and Third "DaDa Evenings" are held there.
- The periodical "Dada" is published (issues 1 & 2).
- 1918
- "Club Dada" and "Der Dada" are published in Berlin with contributions by
Huelsenbeck, Johannes Baader, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, Franz Jung, John
Heartfield, Walter Mehring, and Gerhard Preiss.
- In Cologne, another DaDa-group is formed by Max Ernst, Johannes Theodor
Baargeld.
- After hearing of the DaDa movement in Zürich, a number of artists in
Paris, including Aragon, Breton, Eluard, Soupault, and Ribemont-Dessaignes,
become interested in DaDa.
- The first public DaDa event in Berlin is held in March, and the first
German DaDa-manifesto is publicized in April.
- Tzara's "25 poems" are published in July, with illustrations by Arp.
- An exhibit entitled "Die Neue Kunst" ("The New Art") is held in
Zürich in September, featuring works by several of the dadaists.
- "Dada" issue #3 is published in December.
- 1919
- The dadaists in Berlin come out publicly against the Weimar Republic.
- Hans Arp joins the dadaists in Cologne. "Der Ventilator" and "Bulletin D"
are published.
- Kurt Schwitters begins his "Merz" in Hannover, with the publication of
"Anna Blume."
- "Dada 4/5" and "Der Zeltweg" are published in Zürich.
- Tristan Tzara leave Zürich for Paris.
- 1920
- The "Dada-Almanach" is published in Berlin.
- Hausmann and Huelsenbeck give a lecture tour on DaDa in Dresden, Hamburg,
Leipzig, and Prague.
- A DaDa exhibition, with works by Picabia, Arp, and Ribemont-Dessaignes,
takes place in Geneva.
- A DaDa exhibition in Cologne is closed down by the police.
- "Dada" #6 & #7 are published, "391" continues to be published, and Picabia
publishes his "Cannibale."
- Arp leaves Cologne for Paris, where a "DaDa festival" takes place in May.
- The "Erste Internationale Dada-Messe" takes place in Berlin in June.
- 1921
- The DaDa journal "Bleu" is published in Italy.
- Duchamp and Man Ray publish "New York Dada."
- Picabia and Breton withdraw themselves from the dadaism movement.
- A dada exhibition featuring the works of Max Ernst takes place in Paris.
- 1922
- Max Ernst leaves Cologne for Paris, dissolving the Cologne DaDa group.
- The DaDa-journal "Mecano" is published by Theo van Doesburg in the
Netherlands.
- Picabia and Breton publish works attacking the dadaists, who led by
Tzara, publish a counter-attack, but the Paris DaDa group also dissolves.
- A "Congress of the Constructivists" is held in Weimar in October, which
is attended by a number of the German dadaists.
- 1923
- Duchamp, in New York, gives up painting.
- Two final dada stage performances are held in Paris during the summer.
- 1924
- After a publication of a surrealist manifesto by Breton, most of the
remaining dadaists join the surrealism movement.
- Schwitter's publication "Merz" continues to be published off and on for
several more years.