American and British Spelling Differences
Here is a list of 492 American and British words that are spelt differently.
I (mostly) used two dictionaries to cross check the words, chosen as the best to reflect contemporary usage of generally used words. These are the standard collegiate or desk dictionaries that contain typically up to about 200,000 definitions:
- W10 (American): Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition, 1993
- COD (British): The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Eighth Edition, 1990.
Ive not included historical words (compleat). Ive only included words where there are differences (no compelled); Ive not listed common spelling errors (complection). I have included some, but not a differing variant which seems too infrequent or disputable to note (such as advertise or advisor or arguement). I do list what appear to be the same frequency, since you might expect otherwise (encyclopedia, encyclopaedia), although they were probably once different. And Ive not included words like accessorize because although W10 lists -ise as a British variant, the COD doesnt list it. Ive ignored hyphenation differences as they vary so much, and include only a token of space, diacritic and punctuation differences.
I originally compiled this from a list of over 180 words sent to me by Dan Tilque, the news:alt.usage.english FAQ, and many other various sources.
I had previously used (WII) Websters II New Riverside University Dictionary, 1988 (also about 200,000 definitions) for the American side, but revamped the list using W10.
Ideally, there would simply be a unique spelling for each side, but often they both figure to some extent on both sides. Dictionaries list variants in a variety of ways:
- word1, or word2
- word1, var. word2
- word1, also word2
and sometimes word2, however it is designated, is parenthesised.
I have inferred from the dictionaries the following two levels of variants, and indicate them as follows:
word1, word2 | word1 is the equal or more usual variant
|
word1 (word2) | word2 is a much less frequent variant than word1
|
The dictionaries tend to agree generally but sometimes differ in the details. For instance, both COD and WII say spelled or spelt (W10 says spelt is chiefly British). Whereas, COD says oenology, indicating enology is the American, but WII say its oenology, and that enology is a variant. W10 says enology, and that oenology is a variant.
Many spelling differences are the result of simplifying obsolete spellings that in many cases are vestiges of other languages, such as French, Latin or Greek. This practice, more common in American, was one of Websters stated aims. American much more readily drops hyphens and spaces in compound words (lemongrass), and in these compounds the variations between American and British seem innumerable. (Does anal-retentive have a hyphen?)
A special note about ize/ise spellings.
When I look at UK literature (personal letters, magazines, postings, books, etc.) I find in actuality the -ise form is used.
COD generally lists the -ize form as the regular spelling, with -ise form as the variant. The reason is that the -ize form in the UK is not only accepted but, seemingly in the case of COD, the recommended form.
Since the -ise form is the one used by the natives, I presume that the -ise form is the actually accepted and current spelling in the UK, whereas the -ize word is an acceptable but less often used variant.
|
Feedback: Please send any additions. Also any ideas for better categorising a group or word (for instance, where should omelette and glamour go?). Furthermore, if you feel strongly that a variant is more (or less) frequent than indicated, holler (regional differences notwithstanding). |
- -e-/-oe-
American | British
|
---|
amoeba (ameba) | amoeba
|
diarrhea | diarrhoea
|
edema | oedema
|
enology, oenology | oenology
|
esophagus (oesophagus) | oesophagus
|
estrogen (oestrogen) | oestrogen
|
estrus (oestrus) | oestrus
|
fetal (foetal) | foetal
|
fetid, foetid | fetid, foetid
|
fetor | fetor, foetor
|
fetus (foetus) | foetus
|
gonorrhea | gonorrhoea
|
homeopath | homoeopath
|
homeostasis | homoeostasis
|
maneuver, -verability, -vering | manoeuvre, -vrability, -vring (-vreing)
|
menorrhea | menorrhoea
|
penology | penology (poenology?)
|
- -e-/-ae-
American | British
|
---|
eon, aeon | aeon, eon
|
aesthete, esthete | aesthete
|
aesthetic, esthetic | aesthetic
|
anemia | anaemia
|
anemic | anaemic
|
anesthetic, -thesia, -thetist | anaesthetic, -thesia, -thetist
|
archaeology, archeology | archaeology
|
cesarean (caesarean) cesarian (caesarian) | caesarean, caesarian
|
cesium | caesium
|
diaeresis, dieresis | diaeresis
|
encyclopedia, encyclopaedia | encyclopedia, encyclopaedia
|
ether | ether (aether)
|
fecal (faecal) | faecal
|
feces (faeces) | faeces
|
gynecology | gynaecology
|
hemo- | haemo-
|
hemoglobin | haemoglobin
|
hemolysis | haemolysis
|
hemophilia | haemophilia
|
hemorrhage | haemorrhage
|
hemorrhoid | haemorrhoid
|
leukemia | leukaemia
|
medieval, mediaeval | medieval, mediaeval
|
orthopedics, orthopaedics | orthopaedics
|
paean (pean) | paean
|
paleobotany | palaeobotany
|
Paleocene | Palaeocene
|
paleoclimatology | palaeoclimatology
|
paleogeography | palaeogeography
|
paleography | palaeography
|
paleolithic | palaeolithic
|
paleomagnetism | palaeomagnetism
|
paleontology | palaeontology
|
Paleozoic | Palaeozoic
|
pedagogy | paedagogy
|
pederast | pederast, paederast
|
pediatrician | paediatrician
|
pediatric | paediatric
|
pediatrics | paediatrics
|
pedophile | paedophile
|
pedophilia | paedophilia
|
primeval | primeval (primaeval)
|
syneresis, synaeresis | synaeresis
|
synesthesia, synaesthesia | synaesthesia
|
- -r-/-rh-
- silent -ph-
- -lyze/-lyse
American | British
|
---|
analyze | analyse
|
autolyze | autolyse
|
catalyze | catalyse
|
dialyze | dialyse
|
electrolyze | electrolyse
|
hemolyze | haemolyse
|
hydrolyze | hydrolyse
|
paralyze | paralyse
|
photolyze | photolyse
|
plasmolyze | plasmolyse
|
psychoanalyze | psychoanalyse
|
pyrolyze, pyrolize | pyrolyse
|
- -f-/-ph-
American | British
|
---|
bisulfate | bisulphate
|
disulfide | disulphide
|
sulfate | sulphate
|
sulfide | sulphide
|
sulfur, sulphur | sulphur
|
sulfurous, sulphurous | sulphurous
|
trisulfate | trisulphate
|
- -ed/-t
American | British
|
---|
burned, burnt | burnt, burned
|
dreamed, dreamt | dreamt, dreamed
|
knelt, kneeled | knelt (kneeled)
|
leaned | leaned, leant
|
leaped, leapt | leaped, leapt
|
learned | learned, learnt
|
skinned | skinned [skint]
|
smelled, smelt | smelt, smelled
|
spelled | spelt, spelled
|
spilled, spilt | spilt, spilled
|
spoiled, spoilt | spoilt, spoiled
|
- other past tense verb forms
American | British
|
---|
alighted (alit) | alighted (alit)
|
fit | fit, fitted
|
forecast | forecast, forecasted
|
gotten, got | got
|
knit | knitted
|
lit, alighted | lit, lighted
|
wed | wedded
|
- -f-/-gh- and -ow/-ough
American | British
|
---|
draft, -fty | draught, -ghty (only air current, drawing of liquid)
|
draftsman | draughtsman, draftsman (one who makes drawings)
|
plow (plough), -man, -share | plough, -man, -share
|
snowplow | snowplough
|
- -i-/-y-
American | British
|
---|
dryly (drily) | drily (dryly)
|
gypsy, gipsy | gypsy, gipsy
|
jibe (gybe) | gybe (nautical)
|
siphon, syphon | siphon (syphon)
|
tire | tyre (on vehicles only)
|
tyke, tike | tyke (tike)
|
tyro | tiro (tyro)
|
- /-st
American | British
|
---|
amid, amidst | amid, amidst
|
among (amongst) | among, amongst
|
while | while, whilst
|
- -er/-re
American | British
|
---|
accoutre, accouter | accoutre
|
accouterment, accoutrement | accoutrement
|
amphitheater | amphitheatre
|
caliber (calibre) | calibre
|
center | centre
|
centerboard | centreboard
|
centerfold | centrefold
|
centering | centring, centreing
|
fiber (fibre) | fibre
|
fiberboard (fibreboard) | fibreboard
|
fiberglass (fibreglass) | fibreglass
|
goiter | goitre
|
liter (litre) | litre
|
louver (louvre) | louvre, louver
|
luster (lustre) | lustre (brilliance)
|
maneuver, -verability, -vering | manoeuvre, -vrability, -vring (-vreing)
|
meager (meagre) | meagre
|
meter | metre (unit of measurement)
|
miter (mitre) | mitre
|
niter | nitre
|
ocher (ochre) | ochre
|
philter (philtre) | philtre
|
reconnoiter (reconnoitre) | reconnoitre
|
saber (sabre) | sabre
|
saltpeter | saltpetre
|
scepter | sceptre
|
sepulchre (sepulcher) | sepulchre
|
somber (sombre) | sombre
|
specter (spectre) | spectre
|
theater (theatre) | theatre
|
titer (titre) | titre
|
- -or/-our
American | British
|
---|
arbor | arbour
|
ardor | ardour
|
armor | armour
|
armorer | armourer
|
armory | armoury
|
behavior | behaviour
|
behavioral | behavioural
|
candor | candour
|
clamor | clamour
|
clangor | clangour
|
color | colour (and all derivative words)
|
demeanor | demeanour
|
dolor | dolour (literary)
|
enamor | enamour
|
endeavor | endeavour
|
favor | favour
|
favorite | favourite
|
favoritism | favouritism
|
fervor | fervour
|
flavor | flavour
|
glamor, glamour | glamour
|
harbor | harbour
|
honor | honour
|
humor | humour
|
labor | labour
|
misdemeanor | misdemeanour
|
neighbor | neighbour
|
neighborhood | neighbourhood
|
neighborly | neighbourly
|
odor | odour
|
parlor | parlour
|
pavior, paviour | pavior or paviour
|
rancor | rancour
|
rigor | rigour
|
rumor | rumour
|
savior, saviour | saviour
|
savor, savour | savour
|
savory, savoury | savoury
|
splendor | splendour
|
succor | succour
|
tumor | tumour
|
valor | valour
|
vapor | vapour
|
vigor | vigour
|
- -o-/-ou-
American | British
|
---|
bolt | bolt (boult) (metal pin)
|
citrus | citrous (adj)
|
font | font, fount
|
mold, mould | mould (rot and form)
|
molding, moulding | moulding (ornamental wood or stone)
|
molt (moult) | moult
|
Romanian, Rumanian, Roumanian | Romanian, Rumanian
|
ruble, rouble | rouble, ruble
|
smolder, smoulder | smoulder
|
- -m/-mme
American | British
|
---|
gram | gram (gramme)
|
kilogram | kilogram (kilogramme)
|
program, programme | programme (verb)
|
program | programme (noun)
|
program | program (programme) (computer)
|
programmed, programed | programmed
|
programmer, programer | programmer
|
programming, programing | programming
|
- -ck/-que
American | British
|
---|
check | cheque (banking only)
|
checker | chequer, checker (pattern)
|
- -g/-gue
American | British
|
---|
analogue or analog | analogue
|
catalog, catalogue | catalogue
|
dialogue, dialog | dialogue
|
demagogue, demagog, -goged, -goging | demagogue, -gogued, -goguing
|
epilogue, epilog | epilogue
|
homologue, homolog | homologue
|
monologue, monolog | monologue
|
pedagogue, pedagog | pedagogue
|
prologue, prolog | prologue
|
renege | renege (renegue)
|
synagogue, synagog | synagogue
|
travelogue, travelog | travelogue
|
- -ction/-xion
American | British
|
---|
connection | connection, connexion
|
deflection | deflection, deflexion
|
flexion (flection) | flexion
|
genuflection | genuflection, genuflexion
|
inflection | inflection, inflexion
|
reflection | reflection, reflexion
|
retroflection | retroflexion
|
- -ize/-ise
American | British
|
---|
advertise (-ize listed as Brit. var. in W10) | advertise
|
aggrandize | aggrandize, aggrandise
|
Americanize | Americanise, Americanize
|
apologize | apologise, apologize
|
appetizer, -zing | appetiser, -sing, appetizer, -zing
|
apprise | apprise (to inform)
|
apprize | apprize (archaic) (appraise, esteem)
|
atomize | atomise, atomize
|
burglarize | burgle, burglarise, burglarize
|
capitalize | capitalise, capitalize
|
categorize | categorize, categorise
|
characterize | characterise, characterize
|
civilize | civilise, civilize
|
civilization | civilisation, civilization
|
colonize | colonize, colonise
|
computerize | computerise, computerize
|
criticize | criticize, criticise
|
dramatize | dramatise, dramatize
|
economize | economise, economize
|
empathize (-ise listed as Brit. var. in W10) | empathize
|
emphasize | emphasize, emphasise
|
equalize | equalise, equalize
|
extemporize | extemporize, extemporise
|
finalize | finalize, finalise
|
gizmo (gismo) | gismo, gizmo
|
glamorize, glamourize | glamorise, glamorize, glamourise, glamourize
|
harmonize | harmonise, harmonize
|
hospitalize | hospitalise, hospitalize
|
initialize | initialise, initialize
|
liberalize | liberalize, liberalise
|
merchandise (merchandize) | merchandise
|
memorize | memorise, memorize
|
memorialize | memorialise, memorialize
|
mobilize | mobilise, mobilize
|
monopolize | monopolise, monopolize
|
motorize | motorise, motorize
|
naturalize | naturalise, naturalize
|
normalize | normalize, normalise
|
organize | organise organize
|
oxidize | oxidise, oxidize
|
parameterize or parametrize | parametrize, parametrise
|
parenthesize | parenthesize, parenthesise
|
pasteurize | pasteurise, pasteurize
|
polarize | polarise, polarize
|
popularize | popularise, popularize
|
pulverize | pulverise, pulverize
|
realize | realise, realize
|
recognize | recognise, recognize
|
romanize | romanise, romanize
|
satirize | satirise, satirize
|
stabilize | stabilize, stabilise
|
standardize | standardise standardize
|
surprise (surprize) | surprise
|
symbolize | symbolise, symbolize
|
sympathize | sympathise, sympathize
|
tantalize | tantalize, tantalise
|
utilize | utilise, utilize
|
vaporize | vaporise, vaporize (yep! not vapourise)
|
- -a-/-au-
American | British
|
---|
balk | baulk (balk)
|
cauldron (caldron) | cauldron (caldron)
|
calk (caulk) | calk, calkin (metal shoe grip)
|
caulk (calk) | caulk (goop to stop up boat leaks)
|
gauge (gage) | gauge
|
- -se/-ce
American | British
|
---|
defense | defence
|
license, licence | license (verb)
|
license, licence | licence (noun)
|
offense, offence | offence
|
practice, practise | practise, practice (noun)
|
practice, practise | practise (verb)
|
pretense, pretence | pretence
|
vise | vice (tool for holding work)
|
- -er/-or
American | British
|
---|
adapter, adaptor | adaptor, adapter
|
adviser, advisor | adviser (advisor disputed)
|
propeller, propellor | propeller
|
- -e/-ee
- -g-/-gg-
American | British
|
---|
fagot, faggot | faggot (bundle of sticks)
|
fagoting, faggoting | faggoting (embroidery)
|
wagon | wagon, waggon
|
- -ll-/-l-
American | British
|
---|
appall, appal | appal
|
distill, distil | distil
|
enroll, enrol | enrol
|
enrollment | enrolment
|
enthrall, enthral | enthral
|
fulfill, fulfil | fulfil
|
fulfillment | fulfilment
|
install (instal) | install, instal
|
installment, instalment | instalment
|
instill, instil | instil
|
skillful | skilful
|
thralldom or thraldom | thraldom (thralldom)
|
willful, wilful | wilful
|
- -l-/-ll-
American | British
|
---|
barreled, -ling, barelled, -lling | barelled, -lling
|
calisthenics | callisthenics (calisthenics)
|
caliper | calliper
|
canceled, -ling or cancelled -lling | cancelled, -lling
|
chili, chile, chilli | chilli, chili
|
councillor or councilor | councillor
|
counseled, -ling, counselled, -lling | counselled, -lling
|
counselor, counsellor | counsellor
|
deviled, -ling, devilled, -lling | devilled, -lling
|
disheveled, -ling or dishevelled, -lling | dishevelled, -lling
|
equaled, -ling, equalled, -lling | equalled, -lling
|
excelling (exceling) | excelling
|
fueled, -ling, fuelled, -lling | fuelled, -lling
|
groveled, -ling, -ler, grovelled, -lling, -ller | grovelled, -lling, -ller
|
hosteler or hosteller | hosteller
|
hosteled, -ling or hostelled, -lling | hostelled, -lling
|
jeweler, jeweller | jeweller
|
jewelry | jewellery (jewelry) (note -el-, -elle-)
|
labeled, -ling, labelled, -lling | labelled, -lling
|
leveled, -ling, levelled, -lling | levelled, -lling
|
leveler, leveller | leveller
|
libeled, -ling, libelled, -lling | libelled, -lling
|
libelous, libellous | libellous
|
marvelous or marvellous | marvellous
|
marveled, -ling or marvelled, -lling | marvelled, -lling
|
medalist, medallist | medallist
|
metaled, -ling, metalled, -lling | metalled, -lling
|
modeled, -ling or modelled -lling | modelled, -lling
|
modeler | modeller
|
paneled, -ling or panelled, -lling | panelled, -lling
|
panelist | panellist
|
propelled (propeled) | propelled
|
pupilage or pupillage | pupillage (pupilage)
|
quarreled, -ling, quarrelled, -lling | quarrelled, -lling
|
quarreler, quarreller | quarreller
|
rappeled, -ling, rappelled, -lling | rappelled, rappelling
|
rebelling (rebeling) | rebelling
|
reveled, -ling, revelled, -lling | revelled, -lling
|
scalawag (scallywag) | scallywag (scalawag)
|
signaled, -ling, signalled, -lling | signalled, -lling
|
traveled, -ling, travelled, -lling | travelled, -lling
|
traveler, traveller | traveller
|
troweled, -ling, trowelled, -lling | trowelled, -lling
|
woolen or woollen | woollen
|
woolly, wooly | woolly (adj)
|
woolly, woolie, wooly (pl. -llies, -lies) | woolly (pl. -llies) (noun)
|
- -p-/-pp-
American | British
|
---|
kidnapped, kidnaped | kidnapped
|
kidnapper, -pping, kidnaper, -ping | kidnapper, -pping
|
worshiped, -ping, worshipped, -pping | worshipped, -pping
|
worshiper, worshipper | worshipper
|
- -s-/-ss-
American | British
|
---|
biased, -sing, biassed, -ssing | biased, -sing, biassed, -ssing
|
buses, busses | buses (omnibus)
|
buses, busses | buses, busses (computer)
|
focused, -sing, focussed, -ssing | focused, -sing or focussed, -ssing
|
- -t-/-tt-
American | British
|
---|
benefited, -ting, benefitted ,-tting | benefited, -ting
|
carburetor | carburettor (carburetter)
|
cigarette, cigaret | cigarette
|
clarinetist, clarinettist | clarinettist
|
garrote, -ted, -ting or garotte, -tted, -tting | garrotte (garotte)
|
net | net (nett) (of money, result, etc)
|
omelette, omelet | omelette, omelet
|
sulfureted | sulphuretted
|
- -g-/-ge-
American | British
|
---|
abridgment, abridgement | abridgement (abridgment)
|
acknowledgment, acknowledgement | acknowledgement (acknowledgment)
|
aging, ageing | ageing, aging
|
fledgling | fledgling, fledgeling
|
judgment, judgement | judgement (judgment)
|
misjudgment | misjudgement (misjudgment)
|
routing | routeing
|
- in-/en-
American | British
|
---|
encase (incase) | encase (incase)
|
enclose (inclose) | enclose (inclose)
|
endorse (indorse) | endorse (indorse)
|
ensure, insure | ensure (make sure)
|
inquire, enquire | enquire, inquire
|
inquiry, enquiry | enquiry, inquiry
|
inure, enure | inure, enure
|
- spaces
American | British
|
---|
alright | all right
|
anymore | any more
|
cooperate | cooperate, co-operate
|
lemongrass | lemon grass
|
onto | on to
|
- diacritics
American | British
|
---|
café, cafe | café, cafe
|
elite | élite
|
entree, entrée | entrée
|
fete, fête | fête
|
matinee, matinée | matinée
|
naive, naïve | naïve, naive
|
role (rôle) | role, rôle
|
- punctuation
American | British
|
---|
B.S. | BSc
|
Dr. | Dr
|
jct, junc | jct, jctn, junc
|
Jr. | Jnr, Jr
|
M.S. | MSc
|
Ph.D. | PhD
|
Sr. | Snr, Sr
|
- miscellaneous
American | British
|
---|
adze, adz | adze
|
airplane | aeroplane
|
aluminum | aluminium
|
artifact | artefact, artifact
|
ass (arse) | arse
|
ax, axe | axe
|
bail out | bale out, bail out
|
baloney (boloney) | boloney, baloney
|
battle-ax | battleaxe
|
behoove | behove
|
boric (boracic) | boracic, boric
|
borscht or borsch | bortsch (also borsch)
|
Briticism | Briticism, Britishism
|
cantaloupe, cantaloup | cantaloup (cantaloupe)
|
carcass | carcass, carcase
|
chamomile (camomile) | camomile, chamomile
|
clerestory, clearstory | clerestory
|
cozy, cosy | cosy
|
crayfish, crawfish | crayfish (crawfish)
|
curb | kerb (edging of road only)
|
czar, tsar, tzar | tsar, czar
|
dependent, dependant | dependant (noun)
|
disc, disk | disc (phono record, CD, CD-ROM, disc harrow, Frisbee)
|
disk, disc | disk (computing)
|
disk | disc (other meanings)
|
dissension, dissention | dissension
|
doodad | doodah
|
donut, doughnut | doughnut
|
flaky (flakey) | flaky
|
flotation (floatation) | flotation, floatation
|
furor | furore
|
gray, grey | grey
|
jail | jail, gaol
|
jailbird | jailbird, gaolbird
|
jailbreak | jailbreak, gaolbreak
|
jailer | jailer, gaoler
|
karat (carat) | carat (gold)
|
ketchup, catsup (catchup) | ketchup (catchup)
|
kumquat | kumquat (cumquat)
|
largesse or largess | largesse (largess)
|
lens, lense | lens
|
licorice | liquorice (licorice)
|
meow (miaow) | miaow (meow)
|
mollusk or mollusc | mollusc
|
mustache, moustache | moustache
|
naught, nought | nought (digit 0)
|
night, nite | night
|
nursling | nursling, nurseling
|
pajamas | pyjamas
|
peddler, pedlar | pedlar
|
persnickety (pernickety) | pernickety
|
pickaninny, picaninny | piccaninny
|
polyethylene | polythene, polyethylene, polyethene
|
premise, premiss | premise, premiss
|
propellant, propellent | propellant (n)
|
propellant, propellent | propellent (adj)
|
reverie, revery | reverie
|
Romansh, Romansch | Romansh, Rumansh
|
sanatorium, sanitarium or sanitorium | sanatorium
|
scion (cion) | scion
|
sissy | sissy (cissy)
|
skeptic, -al, -ism, sceptic, -al, -ism | sceptic, -al, -ism
|
specialty | speciality
|
story, -ries, storey, -reys | storey, -reys (story, -ries) (floor of buildings only)
|
swab (archaic: swob) | swab, swob
|
swap | swap, swop
|
though, tho | though, tho
|
through, thru | through
|
tidbit, titbit | titbit
|
tonight, tonite | tonight
|
vial, phial | phial, vial
|
whiskey, whisky | whisky (generic name)
|
whiskey | whiskey (Irish & American kinds)
|
whiskeys, whiskies | whiskeys, whiskies
|
whisky | whisky (Scottish kinds)
|